Chapter 5: Society and Inequality in Eurasia
The classical era and all the way to the modern era had the same patriarchies and Hierarchies. A lot of the elements of these hierarchies and patriarchies continue today.
Society and the state in China. the highest position in China's state was held by the government officials. in 124 B.C.E. they made the Imperial Academy for future government workers to learn the Confucius ways. there was an exam to enter the school, exams were provided to anyone but easier for someone who's wealthy and have more time to study and pass one. once a citizen-passed the exam they would become a social servant and would be raised tremendously and social class.
The landlord class. Farmland was the major source of wealth in China The Scholar-Gentry was a term for those who can combine being a government official and being a landlord. the majority of the Chinese population has been peasants. pressured to do the majority of the country's work. Peasants were poor but were the backbone of the entire Society. merchants and Traders were the bottom social class.
Class and Caste in India. Caste comes from the word caste which in Portuguese means “Race”.
Caste as Varna. Origins are skewed but some believed that caste came from encounters with Aryan Invaders. Sharda may have been left over people from the Indus Valley.
Caste as Jati. Jatis are like groups of like castes. They would only work or socialize with people in their jati, Varna was more than local and Jatis was only local town to town. Less of a need for large Empires because Jati governed smaller groups and communities. CAste provided social support and security because people only socialized with their same Jati.
The Case of The Roman Republic. As civilizations became Empires slaves became more useful. slaves are outcasts have no rights at all and are considered to be “Socially dead”. They are pretty much just bodies that alive.
Rome-based their slave use off of the Greeks, the Roman Empire had 2 to 3 million slaves, representing 33 to 40% of the population. slaves could be found in every section of the economy even horror Merchants had slaves. Spartacus in 73 B.C.E. went on a Revolt to free slaves up and down the Italian peninsula.
Changing patriarchy. women throughout history have found ways to contribute to society while still being oppressed. women in China were taught the Confucius way. they were taught to obey the three obediences, which verse you respect first their father, then their husband then their eldest son if widowed. Empress Wu was a great example of women that broke the patriarchy in ruled for 15 years.
Society and the state in China. the highest position in China's state was held by the government officials. in 124 B.C.E. they made the Imperial Academy for future government workers to learn the Confucius ways. there was an exam to enter the school, exams were provided to anyone but easier for someone who's wealthy and have more time to study and pass one. once a citizen-passed the exam they would become a social servant and would be raised tremendously and social class.
The landlord class. Farmland was the major source of wealth in China The Scholar-Gentry was a term for those who can combine being a government official and being a landlord. the majority of the Chinese population has been peasants. pressured to do the majority of the country's work. Peasants were poor but were the backbone of the entire Society. merchants and Traders were the bottom social class.
Class and Caste in India. Caste comes from the word caste which in Portuguese means “Race”.
Caste as Varna. Origins are skewed but some believed that caste came from encounters with Aryan Invaders. Sharda may have been left over people from the Indus Valley.
Caste as Jati. Jatis are like groups of like castes. They would only work or socialize with people in their jati, Varna was more than local and Jatis was only local town to town. Less of a need for large Empires because Jati governed smaller groups and communities. CAste provided social support and security because people only socialized with their same Jati.
The Case of The Roman Republic. As civilizations became Empires slaves became more useful. slaves are outcasts have no rights at all and are considered to be “Socially dead”. They are pretty much just bodies that alive.
Rome-based their slave use off of the Greeks, the Roman Empire had 2 to 3 million slaves, representing 33 to 40% of the population. slaves could be found in every section of the economy even horror Merchants had slaves. Spartacus in 73 B.C.E. went on a Revolt to free slaves up and down the Italian peninsula.
Changing patriarchy. women throughout history have found ways to contribute to society while still being oppressed. women in China were taught the Confucius way. they were taught to obey the three obediences, which verse you respect first their father, then their husband then their eldest son if widowed. Empress Wu was a great example of women that broke the patriarchy in ruled for 15 years.
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