Chapter 4 Culture and Religion

The legalist answer. Motivated by high rewards, heavy punishments. China's first emperor Qin Shi Huang used legalism. The teaching of Confucius was a teacher and thinker. After his death, his work was made into Analects. The Confucianism goal is teaching people strong moral examples. Confuses believes were secular. 
Laozi thought people should withdrawal into nature. Did not value education and encouraged the spontaneous natural behavior. Believed in a force called Dao which surrounded all things in nature.
Southern Asian religion started with the Vedas(1500-600 B.C.E.) began as Vedism and would later become what we call the foundation of Buddhism today.  Upanishads (600-400 B.C.E) taught that a human soul or an Atman was apart of a greater world-soul or a Brahman. Hinduism believes that our souls are trapped in an endless cycle of reincarnation or samsara, In samsara, your previous lifes actions and events determine the next life, this is Karma. Moksha is release samsara. 
The Buddist challenge, Siddhartha Gautama CA 566-486 B.C.E was a prince. Went on a spiritual quest to achieve enlightenment at the age of 35. Spent the remainder of his life teaching his ways. Budda believes life is suffering and that suffering could be ended by ending our desires. The Enlightenment state or Nirvana could be achieved by following the Buddhist path. Was a radical break from Hinduism. Theravada Buddhism, the teaching of the elders talked little of gods and the budda wasn't portrayed as a god.
Hinduism Duty and Devotion, Epic Literature and included great tells from spiritual experiences. Longest ever epic is the Mahabharata, also referred to as the holiest book. Buddism absorbed back into Hinduism.
Zarathustra from seventh to the sixth country taught that there was a constant struggle between good and evil. Spread in Persian state religion 558 - 330 B.C.E. had a large impact on Judaism and Islam. Stated there was a heaven and hell.
    Judaism, A shared cultural idea. Had the idea of one exclusive and jealous god.
    The Greek Way of Knowing Usually asked questions, not answers. Socrates was a teacher and philosopher. The greek did not have religion but instead had a rational analysis of the world. The Academy taught Alexander and this expanded greek empire.
The lives of the founders, encounters with a higher level of reality, became the bases of Christianity. Taught a message of wisdom in which compassion and love even for one's enemies are at the center of a path of transformations. This would give hope to anybody.
The spread of Christianity, The spread of Christianity, after Jesus died he became Christ and this became the start of a new religion. Saul of Tarsus (10-65C.E.) spread this religion and would later become known as saint paul. The Roman state was originally suspicious but an emperor converted the state. 
The Spread of Buddhism, Ashoka converted the empire to Buddhism. Despite losing ground in India they spread more north and doesn't remain in India very long.
Institutions controversies and divisions, Gave Christians the opportunities for women to get positions for leadership, this did not last for long. Many arguments over doctrine and the correct texts to read.

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